Overview
Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormones. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that regulates metabolism, energy production, and many body functions.
The most common cause is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid. Other causes include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, certain medications, and iodine deficiency.
Hypothyroidism affects approximately 4-5% of the population, with women being 5-8 times more likely to be affected than men. It often develops gradually and may be undiagnosed for years as symptoms are often attributed to aging or other conditions.
Common Symptoms
- •Fatigue and low energy
- •Unexplained weight gain
- •Feeling cold when others are comfortable
- •Dry skin and hair
- •Hair loss
- •Constipation
- •Depression and mood changes
- •Memory problems and brain fog
- •Muscle weakness and aches
- •Slow heart rate
- •Puffy face and swelling
- •Irregular or heavy menstrual periods
Key Blood Markers
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
Often elevated (>4.5 mIU/L)The primary screening marker - elevated in hypothyroidism as the pituitary tries to stimulate the underactive thyroid
Free T4 (Thyroxine)
Usually lowThe main thyroid hormone produced - low levels confirm hypothyroidism
Free T3 (Triiodothyronine)
Often low or low-normalThe active thyroid hormone - may be low or normal in hypothyroidism
TPO Antibodies
Often elevated if Hashimoto'sIndicates autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto's) - the most common cause of hypothyroidism
Frequently Asked Questions
Can hypothyroidism be cured?
How long does it take to feel better on thyroid medication?
Can you have hypothyroid symptoms with normal TSH?
Does hypothyroidism cause weight gain?
Quick Facts
- Key Markers:4
- Common Symptoms:12